Njengoba umhlaba uqhubeka uphendukela emandleni avuselelekayo, amaphaneli elanga abe ubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili ekufuneni amandla azinzile. Ngenxa yentuthuko kwezesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nobunjiniyela, ikusasa lamaphaneli elanga libukeka liqhakazile, ikakhulukazi maqondana nesikhathi sawo sokuphila kanye nokusebenza kahle kwawo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinto ezintsha ezizayo ezingachaza kabusha indlela esiwasebenzisa ngayo amandla elanga.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwephaneli yelanga
Ngokwesiko,amaphaneli elangazinesikhathi sokuphila esicishe sibe yiminyaka engama-25 kuya kwengama-30, ngemva kwalokho ukusebenza kwazo kahle kuqala ukwehla kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe belanga icindezela imingcele yalesi sikhathi sokuphila. Abakhiqizi okwamanje bazama izinto ezintsha, njenge-perovskite solar cells, ezibonise ukuqina okumangalisayo nokuzinza. Lezi zinto zithembisa ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwamaphaneli elanga ngaphezu kwezindinganiso zamanje, okwenza kube utshalomali olukhangayo kakhulu kubanikazi bezindlu kanye namabhizinisi ngokufanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kwezembozo zokuzivikela kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufaka i-capsulation ithuthukise ikhono lamaphaneli elanga lokubekezelela izici zemvelo ezifana nemisebe ye-UV, umswakama, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha akugcini nje ngokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwamaphaneli elanga kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezindleko zokulungisa, okwenza amandla elanga abe inketho efanelekile kubasebenzisi abaningi.
Ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe
Ukusebenza kahle kungenye into ebalulekile esikhathini esizayo samaphaneli elanga. Ukusebenza kahle kwephaneli yelanga kubhekisela kumaphesenti okukhanya kwelanga aguqulwa abe ugesi ongasetshenziswa. Amaphaneli elanga endabuko asekelwe ku-silicon ngokuvamile asebenza kahle cishe ngo-15-20%. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko kuvula indlela yokuthuthuka okukhulu.
Enye yentuthuko ethokozisayo kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphaneli elanga amabili, abamba ukukhanya kwelanga kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Lo mklamo ungandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-30 uma kuqhathaniswa namaphaneli endabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokulandelela ezilandela indlela yelanga kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, okuvumela amaphaneli elanga ukuthi abambe ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe usuku lonke.
Enye indlela ethembisayo ukukhuphuka kwamaseli elanga ahlangene, ahlanganisa izinto ezahlukene ukuze abambe ububanzi obukhulu bokukhanya kwelanga. Lawa maseli kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ukusebenza kahle okungaphezu kuka-30%, okuyisinyathelo esibalulekile phambili kunobuchwepheshe obukhona. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka, singalindela ukubona amaphaneli elanga asebenza kahle kakhulu engena emakethe, okwenza amandla elanga ancintisane kakhulu namafutha emvelo.
Indima yobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile
Ikusasa lamaphaneli elanga aligcini nje ngezinto zokwakha kanye nomklamo; liphinde lihilele ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) budlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono izinhlelo zelanga. Ama-algorithm e-AI ahlaziya amaphethini esimo sezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokusebenza kwamaphaneli elanga ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Le ndlela eqhutshwa idatha yenza kube lula ukugcinwa kokubikezela, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphaneli elanga agcina ukusebenza kahle isikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo zokugcina amandla, njengamabhethri athuthukile, kubalulekile ekusaseni lamandla elanga. Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezisebenza kahle zingagcina amandla amaningi akhiqizwa ezinsukwini ezinelanga futhi ziwasebenzise lapho ilanga lingakhanyi kangako, okuthuthukisa ukuthembeka nokukhanga kwamaphaneli elanga.
Ekuphetheni
Ikusasa likaamaphaneli elangaibukeka ikhanya, njengoba izinto ezintsha empilweni nasekusebenzeni kahle zilungele ukuguqula isimo samandla avuselelekayo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, singalindela ukuthi amaphaneli elanga ahlale isikhathi eside, asebenze kahle, futhi ahlanganiswe nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile. Le ntuthuko ayithembisi nje kuphela ukwenza amandla elanga atholakale kalula futhi angabizi, kodwa futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokukhuthaza ikusasa elizinzile. Uma sibheka phambili, amathuba amaphaneli elanga okuhlinzeka umhlaba ngamandla azinzile abonakala ekhanya kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-01-2025