Amaphaneli elangasezibe yitshe lesisekelo sezixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo, zisebenzisa amandla elanga ukukhiqiza ugesi emakhaya, amabhizinisi, ngisho nasezitshalweni zikagesi ezinkulu. Ukuqonda izingxenye eziyinhloko nemisebenzi yamaphaneli elanga kubalulekile kunoma ubani onesifiso sokwamukela lobu buchwepheshe obuqhubekayo.
Enhliziyweni yephaneli yelanga kukhona iseli le-photovoltaic (PV), elinomthwalo wokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi. Lawa maseli ngokuvamile enziwe nge-silicon, into ye-semiconductor enekhono eliyingqayizivele lokumunca ama-photon avela elangeni. Lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kushaya iseli le-PV, kuvusa ama-electron, kudale ugesi. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi umphumela we-photovoltaic, futhi iyisimiso esiyisisekelo sendlela amaphaneli elanga asebenza ngayo.
Amaphaneli elanga aqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile, ngayinye edlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwawo konke. Ingxenye yokuqala isembozo sengilazi, esivikela amaseli e-photovoltaic ezintweni zemvelo ezifana nemvula, isichotho, nothuli ngenkathi sivumela ukukhanya kwelanga kudlule. Ingilazi ivame ukushintshwa ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside futhi yenzelwe ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezinzima.
Ngaphansi kwesembozo sengilazi kukhona amaseli elanga uqobo. Lawa maseli ahlelwe ngendlela yegridi futhi avame ukumbozwa ungqimba lwe-ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kufakwe umswakama owengeziwe. Ukuhlelwa kwala maseli kunquma ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla kwephaneli. Amaphaneli amaningi elanga asekhaya akhiwe ngamaseli angu-60 kuya kwangu-72, kanti amaphaneli asebenza kahle kakhulu aqukethe amaseli amaningi.
Esinye isici esibalulekile i-backsheet, okuyingqimba ehlinzeka ngokushisa nokuvikela ngemuva kwephaneli yelanga. Ngokuvamile yenziwe ngezinto eziqinile ezingamelana nemisebe ye-UV kanye nomswakama, okuqinisekisa ukuthi iphaneli ihlala isikhathi eside. I-backsheet nayo idlala indima ekusebenzeni kahle kwephaneli ngokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla.
Uhlaka lwephaneli yelanga luvame ukwenziwa nge-aluminium, oluhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwesakhiwo futhi luvimbele umonakalo ongokwenyama. Uhlaka luphinde lwenze kube lula ukufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga ophahleni noma phansi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi abekwe kahle ukuze abambe ukukhanya kwelanga okuphezulu.
Ukuze kuguqulwe ugesi oqondile (DC) okhiqizwa amaseli elanga ube ugesi oshintshashintshayo (AC) osetshenziswa amakhaya amaningi, amaphaneli elanga avame ukubhangqwa ne-inverter. I-inverter iyisici esibalulekile esenza ugesi okhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga uhambisane nezinto zasekhaya kanye negridi yamandla. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-inverter, kufaka phakathi ama-inverter ezintambo, ama-microinverter, kanye nama-power optimizer, ngalinye linezinzuzo zalo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Okokugcina, uhlelo lokuqapha luyingxenye ebalulekile yokulandelela ukusebenza kwamaphaneli elanga. Uhlelo luvumela umsebenzisi ukuqapha ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukuhlonza noma yiziphi izinkinga, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwelanga. Ukufakwa okuningi kwelanga kwesimanje kunamakhono okuqapha ahlakaniphile ahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula noma izixhumi zewebhu.
Ngokufigqiwe,amaphaneli elangazakhiwe yizingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa amaseli e-photovoltaic, isembozo sengilazi, ishidi langemuva, uhlaka, i-inverter, kanye nohlelo lokuqapha. Ngayinye yalezi zinto idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kwephaneli yelanga. Njengoba umhlaba uqhubeka nokuphendukela emandleni avuselelekayo, ukuqonda lezi zingxenye kuzokwenza abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi bakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwamukela ubuchwepheshe belanga, ekugcineni kube negalelo ekusaseni elizinzile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-20-2024