Amaphaneli elangaziye zaba yisisekelo sezixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo, zisebenzisa amandla elanga ukuze ziphehle ugesi ezindlini, amabhizinisi, ngisho nezimboni ezinkulu zikagesi. Ukuqonda izingxenye eziyinhloko nemisebenzi yamaphaneli elanga kubalulekile kunoma ubani onentshisekelo yokwamukela lobu buchwepheshe obuqhubekayo.
Enhliziyweni yephaneli yelanga kune-photovoltaic (PV) cell, enesibopho sokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi. Lawa maseli ngokuvamile enziwe nge-silicon, impahla ye-semiconductor enekhono eliyingqayizivele lokumunca ama-photon ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kushaya i-PV cell, kujabulisa ama-electron, okwenza amandla kagesi. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi umphumela we-photovoltaic, futhi iyisimiso esiyisisekelo sokuthi ama-solar panel asebenza kanjani.
Amaphaneli elanga aqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, ngayinye edlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwawo jikelele. Ingxenye yokuqala ikhava yengilazi, evikela amaseli e-photovoltaic ezintweni zemvelo njengemvula, isichotho, nothuli kuyilapho ivumela ukukhanya kwelanga kudlule. Ingilazi ivamise ukufudumala ukuze iqine futhi iklanyelwe ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezinzima.
Ngaphansi kwesembozo sengilazi kunamaseli elanga ngokwawo. Lawa maseli ahlelwe ngephethini yegridi futhi ngokuvamile ambozwa ongqimbeni lwe-ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) ukuze avikeleke okwengeziwe futhi afakwe ngaphakathi. Ukuhlelwa kwalawa maseli kunquma ukusebenza kahle nokuphuma kwamandla kwephaneli. Amaphaneli amaningi elanga asekhaya akhiwe ngamaseli angu-60 kuya kwangu-72, anamaphaneli asebenza kahle kakhulu aqukethe amaseli engeziwe.
Enye ingxenye eyinhloko i-backsheet, okuwungqimba oluhlinzeka ngokufakwa nokuvikela ngemuva kwephaneli yelanga. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside ezingakwazi ukumelana nemisebe ye-UV kanye nomswakama, okuqinisekisa ubude bephaneli. I-backsheet nayo idlala indima ekusebenzeni kahle okuphelele kwephaneli ngokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla.
Uhlaka lwephaneli yelanga ngokuvamile lwenziwa nge-aluminium, lunikeza ukusekelwa kwesakhiwo nokuvimbela ukulimala ngokomzimba. Uhlaka luphinde lusize ukufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga ophahleni noma phansi, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amiswe ngokuqinile ukuze athwebule ukukhanya kwelanga okukhulu.
Ukuguqula i-direct current (DC) ekhiqizwe amaseli elanga ibe i-alternating current (AC) esetshenziswa amakhaya amaningi, ama-solar panel avame ukubhangqwa ne-inverter. I-inverter iyisici esibalulekile esenza ugesi okhiqizwa ama-solar panel uhambisane nemishini yasendlini kanye negridi yamandla. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-inverter, kufaka phakathi ama-inverter ezintambo, ama-microinverter, nezilungiseleli zamandla, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ekugcineni, uhlelo lokuqapha luyingxenye ebalulekile yokulandelela ukusebenza kwephaneli yelanga. Uhlelo luvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi aqaphe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, abone noma yiziphi izinkinga, futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ukufakwa okuningi kwesimanje kwelanga kunamandla okuqapha ahlakaniphile ahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula noma izixhumi ezibonakalayo zewebhu.
Ngokufigqiwe,amaphaneli elangazakhiwe izingxenye ezibalulekile eziningana, okuhlanganisa amaseli e-photovoltaic, ikhava yengilazi, i-backsheet, ifreyimu, inverter, kanye nesistimu yokuqapha. Ngayinye yalezi zakhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphelele nokusebenza kahle kwephaneli yelanga. Njengoba umhlaba uqhubeka nokuphendukela kumandla avuselelekayo, ukuqonda lezi zingxenye kuzokwenza abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwamukela ubuchwepheshe belanga, ekugcineni kube nesandla ekusaseni elizinzile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-20-2024